path: root/.emacs.d/rul-emacs.org

This is (will be) my Emacs literate configuration file. A self
contained file with all my configuration is useful for documentation
purposes. It will be modeled using the technique described by
Protesilaos for his own Emacs config file:
<https://protesilaos.com/emacs/dotemacs>.

This method consists in generating all files /a priori/, after modifying
this file, and *not* at load time, as that would be too slow.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle no :results none
(org-babel-tangle)
#+end_src

* Overview of files and directories

- =early-init.el=: quoting the [[https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/emacs/Early-Init-File.html][Emacs documentation]], this file is "loaded
  before the package system and GUI is initialized, so in it you can
  customize variables that affect the package initialization process"
- =init.el=: the skeleton of my configuration framework. It will load
  the rest of the modules.
- =rul-emacs-modules/=: a directory with Emacs modules specific to my
  configuration. Modules group code related to a topic or theme of
  configuration. For example, =rul-prog.el= contains code related to
  programming, and =rul-org.el= contains code related to org-mode. If a
  module gets too big, I can create a smaller module under the same
  topic; for example, =rul-org-agenda.el=.
- =rul-post-init.el=: this file will be loaded after =init.el=, and will
  normally live in other git repository. Here I normally add overrides
  needed in my work computer.
- =rul-emacs.org=: this file. It (will) generate the rest of the structure.

* Early configuration file (=early-init.el=)
** Graphical aspects
Customization of graphical aspects of Emacs, such as size, panels, etc.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle "early-init.el"
;; I don't use any of these
(menu-bar-mode -1)
(tool-bar-mode -1)
(scroll-bar-mode -1)

;; Avoid initial flash of light.
;; Inspired on prot-emacs-avoid-initial-flash-of-light.
(setq mode-line-format nil)
(set-face-attribute 'default nil :background "#000000" :foreground "#ffffff")
(set-face-attribute 'mode-line nil :background "#000000" :foreground "#ffffff" :box 'unspecified)
#+end_src

** Frame configuration
I like to keep a few frames open all the time. A main frame, where I
open my org files, code, etc. A frame for communication and reading,
such as email and feeds, and a frame for terminals.

Currently, the frames are all the same, but I will add configuration
to distinguish them so I can automate their placement in my desktop
environment.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle "early-init.el"
;; Do not resize when font size changes
(setq frame-resize-pixelwise t)

;; By default, start maximized
(add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(fullscreen . maximized))

;; No need for titlebar
(modify-frame-parameters nil '((undecorated . t)))

;; Name frames to ease switching between them
(add-hook 'after-init-hook (lambda () (set-frame-name "main")))
#+end_src

** Miscellany
#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle "early-init.el"
;; Initialise installed packages, otherwise, basic functions are not
;; available during the initialization stage.
(setq package-enable-at-startup t)

;; Do not report warnings. It's too noisy.
(setq native-comp-async-report-warnings-errors 'silent)

;; Keep things minimal
(setq inhibit-startup-screen t)
(setq inhibit-startup-echo-area-message user-login-name)
#+end_src

* Main configuration file (=init.el=)
** Package matters

I use package from both stable and bleeding-edge Melpa.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle "init.el"
(add-to-list 'package-archives
             '("melpa-stable" . "https://stable.melpa.org/packages/") t)

(add-to-list 'package-archives
             '("melpa" . "https://melpa.org/packages/") t)
#+end_src
** Backups
Emacs tends to clutter the filesystem with backup files. A backup file is normally the filename with a =~= suffix. I rather have my filesystem clean, and centralize all backups in a single directory.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle "init.el"
(if (file-directory-p "~/.backup")
    (setq backup-directory-alist '(("." . "~/.backup")))
  (message "Directory does not exist: ~/.backup"))

(setq
 backup-by-copying t    ; Don't delink hardlinks
 delete-old-versions t  ; Clean up the backups
 kept-new-versions 3    ; keep some new versions
 kept-old-versions 2   ; and some old ones, too
 version-control t)      ; Use version numbers on backups
#+end_src
** Customizations
Customizations don't place nicely with version control, so I do them in a random file that won't get persisted.

Configurations that need persisting will be added to =custom-set-variables= and =custom-set-faces=.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle "init.el"
;; Do not persist customizations
(setq custom-file (make-temp-file "emacs-custom-"))
#+end_src

** Editor interface
General configurations related to text editing across all modes.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle "init.el"
(setq fill-column 79) ; Wrap lines
(setq mouse-yank-at-point t) ; Do not follow mouse curors when mouse-yanking

(setq-default indent-tabs-mode nil) ; No tabs when indenting
(setq-default tab-width 4) ; How many spaces a tab represents

(setq initial-scratch-message "")

(defalias 'yes-or-no-p 'y-or-n-p)

;; Only flash the mode line
(setq ring-bell-function
      (lambda ()
        (let ((orig-fg (face-foreground 'mode-line)))
          (set-face-foreground 'mode-line "#F2804F")
          (run-with-idle-timer 0.1 nil
                               (lambda (fg) (set-face-foreground 'mode-line fg))
                               orig-fg))))

;; Highlight parens
(setq show-paren-delay 0)
(show-paren-mode 1)

(savehist-mode 1) ; Save histories, including minibuffer

(save-place-mode 1) ; Remember and restore cursor information

(setq auto-save-no-message t) ; Do not print a message when auto-saving

(pixel-scroll-precision-mode 1) ; Precision scrolling
#+end_src
** Emacs server
I used to run Emacs as a systemd daemon, but it was not too deterministic as sometimes it would break.

  https://rbenencia.name/blog/emacs-daemon-as-a-systemd-service/

Now, I simply start it from Emacs itself. This approach works well for me.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle "init.el"
;; Server
(require 'server)
(setq server-client-instructions nil) ; Keep it quiet when opening an ec

(unless (server-running-p)
  (server-start))
#+end_src
** Modules machinery
#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle "init.el"
(dolist (path '("~/.emacs.d/rul-lisp/packages"))
  (add-to-list 'load-path path))

(when-let* ((file (locate-user-emacs-file "rul-pre-init.el"))
            ((file-exists-p file)))
  (load-file file))

(require 'rul-themes)
(require 'rul-bindings)
(require 'rul-completion)
(require 'rul-feeds)
(require 'rul-fm)
(require 'rul-fonts)
(require 'rul-mail)
(require 'rul-media)
(require 'rul-modeline)
(require 'rul-org)
(require 'rul-prog)
(require 'rul-terminals)
(require 'rul-vc)
(require 'rul-wm)
(require 'rul-write)

(when-let* ((file (locate-user-emacs-file "rul-post-init.el"))
            ((file-exists-p file)))
  (load-file file))

;; init.el ends here
#+end_src

* Modules
I group my configuration in logical modules. In general, a module
contains configuration for more than one package.

** The =themes= module
The =themes= module contains code pertaining to Emacs themes. 

#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle "rul-lisp/packages/rul-themes.el"
(use-package ef-themes :ensure t)
(use-package modus-themes
  :ensure t
  :config
  (setq
   modus-themes-mode-line '(accented borderless padded)
   modus-themes-region '(bg-only)
   modus-themes-bold-constructs t
   modus-themes-italic-constructs t
   modus-themes-paren-match '(bold intense)
   modus-themes-headings (quote ((1 . (rainbow variable-pitch 1.3))
                                 (2 . (rainbow 1.1))
                                 (t . (rainbow))))
   modus-themes-org-blocks 'tinted))
#+end_src


Additionally, this module subscribes to =org.freedesktop.appearance color-theme=
to detect what color theme is preferred, and set our Emacs theme accordingly.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle "rul-lisp/packages/rul-themes.el"
(use-package dbus)
(defun mf/set-theme-from-dbus-value (value)
  "Set the appropiate theme according to the color-scheme setting value."
  (message "value is %s" value)
  (if (equal value '1)
      (progn (message "Switch to dark theme")
             (modus-themes-select 'modus-vivendi))
    (progn (message "Switch to light theme")
           (modus-themes-select 'modus-operandi))))

(defun mf/color-scheme-changed (path var value)
  "DBus handler to detect when the color-scheme has changed."
  (when (and (string-equal path "org.freedesktop.appearance")
             (string-equal var "color-scheme"))
    (mf/set-theme-from-dbus-value (car value))
    ))

;; Register for future changes
(dbus-register-signal
 :session "org.freedesktop.portal.Desktop"
 "/org/freedesktop/portal/desktop" "org.freedesktop.portal.Settings"
 "SettingChanged"
 #'mf/color-scheme-changed)

;; Request the current color-scheme
(dbus-call-method-asynchronously
 :session "org.freedesktop.portal.Desktop"
 "/org/freedesktop/portal/desktop" "org.freedesktop.portal.Settings"
 "Read"
 (lambda (value) (mf/set-theme-from-dbus-value (caar value)))
 "org.freedesktop.appearance"
 "color-scheme"
 )


(provide 'rul-themes)
#+end_src

** The =bindings= module
This module contains code pertaining to keybindings. It starts by
defining a set global keys.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle "rul-lisp/packages/rul-bindings.el"
;; Global keybindings
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c R") 'revert-buffer)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c w") 'whitespace-cleanup)

(defun help/insert-em-dash ()
  "Inserts an EM-DASH (not a HYPEN, not an N-DASH)"
  (interactive)
  (insert "—"))

(global-set-key (kbd "C--") #'help/insert-em-dash)
#+end_src

Next, we define a few /hydras/. /Hydras/ are a way of grouping keybindings
together, offering a menu on the way.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle "rul-lisp/packages/rul-bindings.el"
(use-package hydra
  :ensure t
  :defer 1)

;; tab-bar
(defhydra hydra-tab-bar (:color amaranth)
  "Tab Bar Operations"
  ("t" tab-new "Create a new tab" :column "Creation" :exit t)
  ("d" dired-other-tab "Open Dired in another tab")
  ("f" find-file-other-tab "Find file in another tab")
  ("x" tab-close "Close current tab")
  ("m" tab-move "Move current tab" :column "Management")
  ("r" tab-rename "Rename Tab")
  ("<return>" tab-bar-select-tab-by-name "Select tab by name" :column "Navigation")
  ("l" tab-next "Next Tab")
  ("j" tab-previous "Previous Tab")
  ("q" nil "Exit" :exit t))

(global-set-key (kbd "C-x t") 'hydra-tab-bar/body)

;; Zoom
(defhydra hydra-zoom ()
  "zoom"
  ("g" text-scale-increase "in")
  ("l" text-scale-decrease "out"))

(global-set-key (kbd "C-c z") 'hydra-zoom/body)

;; Go
(defhydra hydra-go ()
  "zoom"
  ("=" gofmt :exit t)
  ("c" go-coverage :exit t))

;; vterm
(defhydra hydra-vterm ()
  "zoom"
  ("t" multi-vterm "Open a terminal" :exit t)
  ("d" multi-vterm-dedicated-open "Dedicated" :exit t)
  ("p" multi-vterm-prev "Previous terminal")
  ("n" multi-vterm-next "Next terminal")
  ("r" multi-vterm-rename-buffer "Rename buffer" :exit t)
  )

(global-set-key (kbd "C-c t") 'hydra-vterm/body)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c m") 'hydra-go/body)
#+end_src

Finally, we make use of =which-key=, which will show a menu with all
keybinding options after a prefix is pressed. I think this package has
the potential to obsolete =hydra=, so I'll have to revisit that code.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle "rul-lisp/packages/rul-bindings.el"
(use-package which-key
  :ensure t
  :config
  (which-key-mode))

(provide 'rul-bindings)
#+end_src

** The =completions= module
This module contains code pertaining to completion and the minibuffer.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle "rul-lisp/packages/rul-completion.el"
(use-package orderless :ensure t)

(setq completion-styles '(basic substring initials orderless))
(setq completion-category-overrides
      '(
        (file (styles . (basic partial-completion orderless)))
        (project-file (styles . (flex basic substring partial-completion orderless)))
        ))

(setq completion-ignore-case t)
#+end_src

The =vertico= package provides a vertical completion UI based on the default completion
system.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle "rul-lisp/packages/rul-completion.el"
;; Enable vertico
(use-package vertico
  :ensure t
  :init
  (vertico-mode)

  :config
  (add-hook 'rfn-eshadow-update-overlay-hook #'vertico-directory-tidy))
#+end_src

The =marginalia= package annotates the completion candidates with useful contextual
information.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle "rul-lisp/packages/rul-completion.el"
;; Enable rich annotations using the Marginalia package
(use-package marginalia
  :ensure t
  :bind (:map minibuffer-local-map
         ("M-A" . marginalia-cycle))
  :init
  (marginalia-mode))
#+end_src

The =consult= package replaces most of Emacs core functions with
completion-friendly alternatives that integrates well with =vertico= and
=marginalia=.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle "rul-lisp/packages/rul-completion.el"
(use-package consult
  :ensure t
  :bind (;; C-c bindings in `mode-specific-map'
         ("C-c M-x" . consult-mode-command)
         ("C-c h" . consult-history)
         ("C-c k" . consult-kmacro)
         ("C-c m" . consult-man)
         ("C-c i" . consult-info)
         ([remap Info-search] . consult-info)

         ;; C-x bindings in `ctl-x-map'
         ("C-x M-:" . consult-complex-command)     ;; orig. repeat-complex-command
         ("C-x b" . consult-buffer)                ;; orig. switch-to-buffer
         ("C-x 4 b" . consult-buffer-other-window) ;; orig. switch-to-buffer-other-window
         ("C-x 5 b" . consult-buffer-other-frame)  ;; orig. switch-to-buffer-other-frame
         ("C-x r b" . consult-bookmark)            ;; orig. bookmark-jump
         ("C-x p b" . consult-project-buffer)      ;; orig. project-switch-to-buffer

         ;; Custom M-# bindings for fast register access
         ("M-#" . consult-register-load)
         ("M-'" . consult-register-store)          ;; orig. abbrev-prefix-mark (unrelated)
         ("C-M-#" . consult-register)

         ;; Other custom bindings
         ("M-y" . consult-yank-pop)                ;; orig. yank-pop

         ;; M-g bindings in `goto-map'
         ("M-g e" . consult-compile-error)
         ("M-g f" . consult-flymake)               ;; Alternative: consult-flycheck
         ("M-g g" . consult-goto-line)             ;; orig. goto-line
         ("M-g M-g" . consult-goto-line)           ;; orig. goto-line
         ("M-g o" . consult-outline)               ;; Alternative: consult-org-heading
         ("M-g m" . consult-mark)
         ("M-g k" . consult-global-mark)
         ("M-g i" . consult-imenu)
         ("M-g I" . consult-imenu-multi)

         ;; M-s bindings in `search-map'
         ("M-s d" . consult-find)
         ("M-s D" . consult-locate)
         ("M-s g" . consult-grep)
         ("M-s G" . consult-git-grep)
         ("M-s r" . consult-ripgrep)
         ("M-s l" . consult-line)
         ("M-s L" . consult-line-multi)
         ("M-s k" . consult-keep-lines)
         ("M-s u" . consult-focus-lines)

         ;; Isearch integration
         ("M-s e" . consult-isearch-history)

         :map isearch-mode-map
         ("M-e" . consult-isearch-history)         ;; orig. isearch-edit-string
         ("M-s e" . consult-isearch-history)       ;; orig. isearch-edit-string
         ("M-s l" . consult-line)                  ;; needed by consult-line to detect isearch
         ("M-s L" . consult-line-multi)            ;; needed by consult-line to detect isearch

         ;; Minibuffer history
         :map minibuffer-local-map
         ("M-s" . consult-history)                 ;; orig. next-matching-history-element
         ("M-r" . consult-history))                ;; orig. previous-matching-history-element

  :init
  (setq xref-show-xrefs-function #'consult-xref)
  (setq xref-show-definitions-function #'consult-xref)
  (add-hook 'completion-list-mode-hook #'consult-preview-at-point-mode)

  :config
  (setq consult-preview-key 'any)
  (setq consult-narrow-key "<")
)
#+end_src

The next piece of code corresponds to =embark=, a package that enables
context-specific actions in the minibuffer, or common buffers.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle "rul-lisp/packages/rul-completion.el"
(use-package embark
  :ensure t

  :bind
  (("C-." . embark-act)         ;; pick some comfortable binding
   ("M-." . embark-dwim)        ;; good alternative: M-.
   ("C-h B" . embark-bindings)) ;; alternative for `describe-bindings'

  :init
  (setq prefix-help-command #'embark-prefix-help-command)

  :config
  ;; Hide the mode line of the Embark live/completions buffers
  (add-to-list 'display-buffer-alist
               '("\\`\\*Embark Collect \\(Live\\|Completions\\)\\*"
                 nil
                 (window-parameters (mode-line-format . none)))))

(use-package embark-consult
  :ensure t
  :hook
  (embark-collect-mode . consult-preview-at-point-mode))

(provide 'rul-completion)
#+end_src

** The =feeds= module
The =feeds= module contains code pertaining to information feeds. It's a
small module for now, as it only installs =elfeed=. If it doesn't get
bigger, I'll consider merging it with another module.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle "rul-lisp/packages/rul-feeds.el"
;;; rul-feeds.el --- Information feeds

(use-package elfeed :ensure t)
(provide 'rul-feeds)
#+end_src

** The =fm= module
The =fm= module contains code pertaining to file management. In
particular, it's the module that configures =dired= and adds a few extra
packages.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle "rul-lisp/packages/rul-fm.el"
;;; rul-fm.el --- File management

;; dired
(add-hook 'dired-mode-hook #'dired-hide-details-mode)
(setq dired-guess-shell-alist-user
      '(("\\.\\(png\\|jpe?g\\|tiff\\)" "feh" "xdg-open")
        ("\\.\\(mp[34]\\|m4a\\|ogg\\|flac\\|webm\\|mkv\\)" "mpv" "xdg-open")
        (".*" "xdg-open")))

(setq dired-kill-when-opening-new-dired-buffer t)
(put 'dired-find-alternate-file 'disabled nil)

;; dired-preview
(use-package dired-preview
  :ensure t
  :config

  (setq dired-preview-delay 0.5)
  (setq dired-preview-max-size (expt 2 20))
  (setq dired-preview-ignored-extensions-regexp
        (concat "\\."
                "\\(mkv\\|webm\\|mp4\\|mp3\\|ogg\\|m4a"
                "\\|gz\\|zst\\|tar\\|xz\\|rar\\|zip"
                "\\|iso\\|epub\\|pdf\\)"))

  (dired-preview-global-mode 1))

;;; Icons
(use-package nerd-icons :ensure t )
(use-package nerd-icons-dired :ensure t
  :config
  (add-hook 'dired-mode-hook #'nerd-icons-dired-mode))

(provide 'rul-fm)
#+end_src